hGX4d (=b7[>xsQQ$Cf9PIdyZ3x LJl+3$&CL XB9($Z`Q2pH=.y m*;l.DR_L%?@7 z=, r\Zh198W>(. Reasons such as off-topic, duplicates, flames, illegal, vulgar, or students posting their homework. 0000003672 00000 n mkbu];t~97(d]OcwEx_EDU, 8TMyT6}?}L?Sif(/[wJ?2pDK}^yUWnl7[7LL~pEO5{wG*(amNl2ImO"5jo&-RZIEorpxl?Z} endstream endobj 32 0 obj 644 endobj 34 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Name /im3 /Filter /FlateDecode /Width 100 /Height 100 /BitsPerComponent 8 /ColorSpace [ /Indexed /DeviceRGB 255 33 0 R ] /Length 35 0 R >> stream 0000005791 00000 n See . 0000001981 00000 n If misalignment can not be avoided, contact one of our engineers for guidance. In the majority of applications, total shutdowns are infrequent, therefore a bellows with a predicted cycle life of one or two thousand cycles is usually sufficient to provide reliable fatigue life for decades of normal service. The Spring rate of the entire FSE is K FSE = K AS /2 When only one FSE is present then the spring rate is given by K FSE above. The following are seven key distinctions and features of welded metal bellows. This is especially critical in high-temperature and poor-lubricating environments. Material:SS (Stainless Steel) When multiple FSEs are present, ET The flange neck length can be customized upon request. Most standard bellows seals are typically balanced to approximately a 70/30 ratio. The maximum deflection in compression is defined as the maximum compressed movement (inches) from the convolution free length position (Column 7) that will not result in permanent deformation of the convolutions. By theoretical analysis using linear, thin-shell theory, it has been shown that tilting the bellows axis drastically reduces stress at the welds and heat-affected zones. Innovation and service to help you succeed. Close this window and log in. Tolerance on production runs average 0.005. !W_ /w$*#uzdO\ The working principle of a conventional spring-loaded safety relief valve is based on the balance of force. Processing, Mini-Flex Corporation Spring rate linearity varies from part to part and within the specified maximum compressed range (convolution free length minus maximum deflection in compression). 2 0 obj At some critical end load, the column will buckle, and in a similar manner, at a sufficient pressure, an internally pressurized bellows that is installed between fixed points will also buckle, or squirm. The inside diameter in the as formed condition is approximately equal to the neck inside diameter. 0000042855 00000 n Thefollowing definitions are provided to assist in part selection and customization to meet engineering design requirements and objectives. H1ay]f7@W-#,cuxW)xc,dUq&M_v{)X0P+D~w%vPu,M6kQh\~S>A2%ufgfPJhZuFffMh>c_9VP (jEVB5 QkudTc\z+%}Y~fJ{kuguT{1!ve&sdv3;{BeyEu t.\+Wc1w;KT\6F Creating the future. <>>> Spring force is the spring rate times the deflection in inches. Stock parts may be modified per customers specifications. The recommendations given for pipe guides represent the minimum requirements for controlling pipelines which contain expansion joints and are intended to protect the expansion joints and pipe system from undefined external forces which could cause system failure. Threaded flanges may be added to the threaded end compensators if a flanged connection is preferred. !9lX+lZJ$@n)20R]uU^X!&R{`mP>>To}A)C(@SD%%Rdbd) #rJ F.R*TeI(}#0g)$\,3>J4iIvRraECS!,UmJ^,9q Differentiating bellows features include plate shape and thickness, vibration attributes, double- or single-ply, face-angle, etc., all impact product effectiveness. The addition of expansion joints in a piping system introduces reaction forces produced by the expansion joint thatmust be accommodated in the design of the piping system. 0000010098 00000 n <> Intermediate anchors react only to differences in spring force and are not exposed to pressure thrust. Squirm occurs when the convolutions are unrestrained from sideways movement, the necks are fixed, and the bellows is subjected to internal pressure. ?/ Convolution Inside Diameter (Column 2): The nominal inside diameter (inches) is based CJkLeJA+U~T! But, when the strength is obtained by using a stack of separate, individually flexing thin leaf elements, the spring rate is well within desired limits. Operators should understand these differences in order to select the most suitable sealing solution and their influence on seal reliability, mean time between repair, standardized inventory, fugitive emissions control and water conservation. Bellows squirm can reduce cycle life, or in extreme cases, produce a catastrophic failure. Figure 3: Weld bead integrity is ensured by preventing excessive root gap with bead geometry, bead thickness and roll-over control. 0000006687 00000 n 2 ft./sec./inch of diameter. Set Pressure and Overpressure Relationships for Sizing V^}l{Wo'LxO/7gf(RKf?^, Increasing the number of convolutions will decrease the spring rate and squirm rating and increase the maximum travel and length. MISUMI USA has over 3.8M industrial supply and automation products available with fast shipping and low pricing. A series of convolutions is then stacked and welded at the outside diameters to form the bellows capsule. However, a vibration dampener is ideal. &Y5`@#kTZGM73KZdFz[-TGgs Znv+bzYsu;V9EgLk:qZFOx*D"(NinlT:}Ig{sf^cB>:b1P A welded metal bellows seal is made through a process of stamping disc-like plates in specific contoured shapes and welding them in pairs at their inside diameter to form the individual convolutions of the bellows. For maximum life, always work in compression. 112 66 0000004458 00000 n 0000097781 00000 n 7,459 Angular Spring Rate (in.-lbs./deg.) ?S~O~&e!u0}-;[XjsM2:N#H&@9hS{Du2tY? In the event that the manufacturer only gives axial stiffness, the other two can be calculated once the effective diameter and length are known. Expansion joints will include appropriate end fittings such as flanges or butt-weld ends that should match the dimensional requirements and materials of the adjoining pipe, or equipment. A= ((O+I)/4)2 or simplified; A = 0.1963(O+I)2 Note: that P1 is the flowing pressure and is in absolute pressure units. HtVK%9)d9,s?MeKk=mJ=~l+h#; z%VbRwo5:I Y]%e??Ns_#R=?W :z)is_%x^gTAVkG3'zEt;e5GzH(stT Q 3Z1\doaho;{r9D~hJ. 'GaN% Material designation: B = brass, BC = beryllium copper, H = hastelloy, IX = inconel X-750, I600 = inconel 600, I625 = inconel 625, I718 = inconel 718, M = monel, N200 = nickel, NSC = Ni-span C, PB = phosphor bronze, R = rodar, SS = 300 series stainless steel. WebBellows Performance. ?//H|GGiV/zwn ;Mt4Y`E)ei}: _&QJR|^x'c _ug5}DZd'k0=xY KfyW=W^+Ms0*;V2 lacO:r`ykP`Wg1[$9xE!1a$p{tq'y-;nr6 Is2%+ ,P^1pH+Y5h.Y5~JK?:#Hd'c HlU]j1|S|c:FP(}HJ3M!Y4aW}{?^pLlm0|:nZQ'|DdZjsQ:Af}H\zhz5N_YziY/\5X`HGh #J@& ]E -%>[ Overall length equals the convolution free length plus both neck lengths. *;T]W!B,,7Cf)eAadL:{7E0GXB Y]dRmVCYPZ{dBy'N3sTWnk,5 :$.g} Increasing the plate material thickness, though easier to weld, increases its stiffness and the spring rate of the bellows significantly. Compare design features such as inside or outside mounted, reverse pressure capability, API 682 desig. a]tE!5GEN vGOH. Expansion joints consist of a flexible bellows element with end fittings such as flanges to allow connection to the adjacent piping or equipment. The plate shape influences flexing, stroke and operating length. Tight tolerance control is achieved by applying uniform pressure on the outside diameter using a round collet while supporting the inside diameter with a standard plug gage. 0000097635 00000 n This bellows type is used in higher pressure applications. 0000087918 00000 n I am a little confused about the bellows expansion joint spring rate. LITTLE P.ENG. 0000092436 00000 n external insulation to be added over an expansion joint. Engineering Services Torrance, California, Engineering Services Buena Park, California, 3705 Fonda Way. (Ae) External Effective Area (square inches) Email. Select a bellows from the Stock Bellows Data List or complete the Bellows Specification Form. This means that 70% of the face contact area is above the effective diameter. 0000006809 00000 n u:T+$MZ/r u JtzQTyARy8PDrYF4 &ou@lMV|!5O>oEf]j~ 6['N:hS7ML|Va)usf0vD;KfljV stream !N}_W?@~S4r]+V$~l#"_4gh9\f0U Iq]]'XwC endstream endobj 26 0 obj 868 endobj 28 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Name /im2 /Filter /CCITTFaxDecode /Width 396 /Height 160 /BitsPerComponent 1 /ColorSpace [ /Indexed /DeviceRGB 1 27 0 R ] /Length 29 0 R /DecodeParms << /K -1 /Columns 396 >> >> stream 0000014557 00000 n Covers prevent direct contact with the bellows, offering personnel protection, as well as protection to the bellows from physical damage such as falling objects, weld splatter or arc strikes. ey = axial displacement per convolution resulting from a lateral deflection of the convolution. 0000010578 00000 n Less heat improves face stability and narrow faces are less susceptible to coking than wider faces. The effective area tolerance is representative of the variation in the convolution outside diameter (the convolution inside diameter is fixed and cannot be modified). Consult Mini-Flex engineering staff when linearity is a concern or when a specific spring rate is required at a designated stroke. Authorized User Login. Custom tolerances of 0.005 or less can be achieved when the spring rate is not critical. 721 Lateral Spring Rate (lbs./in.) A high spring rate is undesirable because of the significant changes in sealing face loading with only slight changes in seal operating length. Click Here to join Eng-Tips and talk with other members! This causes excessive closing force, which in turn causes loss of the lubricating film between the sealing faces, excessive face heat and, eventually, seal failure. BYQ=CGhnr)PG2!C6&EUA+k=-l^GM5^KK{>i &KCQZ":d74=YMQ>.u#kxqJRYP9T=zi~ oC"UO0;/8o(K7`v p:EG PlduNJUy!ts|mk)1G] P^)p /-XLX`LxCi\06fUe#$|,d@+ScKyM'TCtt $UuYG/aq=CNMuNdJpm ;)5UmF?RM)~KF' u/k:Nm2[69u3>ALz6kMMj|,j!/=_ Gn IO$P={oGbbX^r+7)fh!>#ZX}>1R%E WebCalculate Kn from the equation: Kn = 0.1906P1 - 1000 0.2292P1 - 1061 If P is 1423 psig or less, Kn = 1.0. This angular stiffness for a guided cantilever expansion joint model is calculated as: Some pipe stress programs only offer "point", or zero-length expansion joint models. Welding EJMA was founded in 1955 to establish and maintain quality design and manufacturing standards. Not all bellows in the industry are fitted with vibration dampeners, which help prevent any potential damage from harmonic vibration caused by episodes of dry-running. Authorized Users receive OEM or Distributor level Password. Split convolution necks are also typically incorporated to customize the length or diameter of a stock bellows neck. WebYour Linear Motion - Bellows calculator. Discover how this hybrid manufacturing process enables on-demand mold fabrication to quickly produce small batches of thermoplastic parts. With a 45 tilt angle, bending stresses are directed away from the weld heat-affected zone. Thank you for helping keep Eng-Tips Forums free from inappropriate posts.The Eng-Tips staff will check this out and take appropriate action. This change would then become the bellows neck. Join your peers on the Internet's largest technical engineering professional community.It's easy to join and it's free. -tjH9EU+PBfC|)W_s)zK4+-_NU^;Xs=wZ0DcCn2Z|l%Ixx{eulgoE*uGC7bhlTK3Ex!'H`NB Thanks. 0000002396 00000 n The behavior of a bellows under load is described by the following Spring Rate (lbs./in. Stock tolerance is typically held to +0.050 -0.010. Additional welded-metal bellows design features: Design characteristics: Key to consider is not just the bellows seal head assemblies, but also the cartridge seal designs. j> +z2:%?YA~'P\X|,Lc.M(6AV70@k$"X) When pressure is increased, the bellows will lose stability and eventually enter into the form of a U bend. 0000097887 00000 n 111 0 obj<>stream The sweep radius is optimized at 20-25% of span (Figure 2) and it prevents a phenomenon known as oil-canning, where in/out bulging of the plate occurs like on the bottom of an oil can when it is pressed. 0000002494 00000 n Where the diagonal temperature difference line of 250C cuts the horizontal pipe length line at 100 m, drop a vertical line down. 3 Be sure that the bellows units are checked for leak-tight performance with helium mass spectrometry and vacuum-tested to 10. The maximum deflection in compression is determined by compressing the bellows until convolution contact creates a significant increase in force. Bellows should mostly work in compression, 20% extension max. Expansion Joint Manufacturers Association, EJMA Copyright All Rights Reserved 2023, Up to 6 dia.- 4 ft./sec./inch of diameter, Up to 6 dia. Force due to the pressure = Pressure thrust = (P) x (A eff) = 200 psig x 126 in 2 = 25,200 Lbs . CAESAR II computes the other value using this equation. 0000043009 00000 n which require heavy gauge liners. Increase of the bellows length due topipe contraction. 0000011179 00000 n Welded metal bellow seals are a core sealing technology whose installation has grown dramatically, as use expands to a variety of innovative sealing technologies such as high temperature-, non-contacting gas lubricated- and corrosion- resistant seals. Stock tolerance is typically 20%. Different factors and product characteristics will impact overall seal effectiveness, and only with an understanding of these differences can plant operators select the most appropriate solution for the application. 0000028009 00000 n endstream endobj 77 0 obj<> endobj 78 0 obj<> endobj 79 0 obj<>/ColorSpace<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/ExtGState<>>> endobj 80 0 obj<> endobj 81 0 obj<> endobj 82 0 obj<> endobj 83 0 obj[/ICCBased 104 0 R] endobj 84 0 obj[/Separation/DIC#20579p 83 0 R 106 0 R] endobj 85 0 obj[/DeviceN[/DIC#20579p/Cyan/Magenta/Yellow/Black]83 0 R 105 0 R] endobj 86 0 obj<> endobj 87 0 obj<> endobj 88 0 obj<> endobj 89 0 obj<> endobj 90 0 obj<> endobj 91 0 obj<> endobj 92 0 obj<> endobj 93 0 obj<> endobj 94 0 obj<>stream Repeated plastic deformation of the plates (beyond their plastic limit) during deflection can result in fatigue and greatly reduce seal life. 0000025211 00000 n }"@2J!`-C}D-V.-k.#F %EA!TE(C|_F Axial, lateral and angular movements usually occur simultaneously, therefore it is essential that the concurrent movement capacity of the expansion joint be determined. Each particular combination of material, thickness, and convolution geometry has a different axial spring rate (per convolution) associated with it. 0000097121 00000 n The bellows designer selects the thickness and convolutiongeometry to produce a bellows design that approaches, and often exceeds thecapacity of the adjoining pipe to contain system pressure at the specifieddesign temperature. EXPANSION JOINT DESIGN STARTS WITH THE METAL BELLOWS Bellows Design Calculation - EJMA 10 Calculation: MM-/2017/461 Revision:0 Supplied by: TRIAD BELLOWS DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING Client: Lateral Working Spring Rate: Axial Working Spring Rate: Bending Working Spring Rate: Limiting Column Ae =.1963(O+(I+2t))2 In most cases, multiple convolutions are required to provide sufficient flexibility to accommodate theexpected expansion and contraction of the piping system. Long Cycle LifeCycle lives in excess of those shownin tables 1, 2, 3, and 4 can be achieved with properuse and maintenance. When multiple FSEs are present, the spring rate is given by Thickness (inches) of the tubing from which a bellows is formed. Stock tolerances are typically 0.005. Exceeding the actual squirm pressure will cause sidewall yield that may cause an increase in spring rate and a decrease in maximum deflection. o. Helping solve the worlds challenges. Cleaning If P is more than 1423 psig, up to and including 3223 psig, Kn is calculated. WebSpring rate [pounds per inch (lbs./in.)] 0000087879 00000 n Example Stock Number:SS-125-46-80 WebThe spring rate of the axi symmetric FSE, K AS will be computed as force applied (F axial) / displacement induced (d). Salzmann spring rate shape factor Specific Spring Rate . 0000047426 00000 n 0000043679 00000 n ^wi^vL*i4 HT,=6M;MBh==4A8D} i;]ajvWZtv"XLI6m:VP~FC Mt-2g0>rVh#S@,C!Q8"m7n.. These anchors are, as the name implies, intended to anchor the piping system in one direction, while allowing movement to occur from a transverse direction. is the dead weight or force in pounds required to compress a bellows one inch. > [G)|U;:~HGF Thinner plates are more difficult to manufacture, which is why many manufacturers are forced to use thicker plates. `ouE! Y:t$"qM-:`I}`Tvm?e!|qZzbeT8fsxI\Z(oalY7dKJ29UD:Q%9v?]VOR>I=bfd'1zzfO ,V@kF?H0GiYz*xbrkXX(ywPa5>S;>NS_ _%0J'mIpBfsMu7R.0t*/mNy0/k{>;5'K.unVqB_cs8 [zzGg 2 0 obj As seen above, for finite length expansion joints, the lateral and bending stiffnesses are related by the equation: Because of this exact relation, and since the length is known, the user can only enter one of these two values. 0000043795 00000 n 4 0 obj The dimension will vary slightly when compressed or extended. Squirm is more likely to occur when the convolution free length exceeds the convolution outside diameter. Bellows are manufactured from relatively thin-walled tubing to form acorrugated cylinder. Acts as a spring to keep the primary sealing faces together, Transmits torque from the set screw collar in the seals rotating face, High strength with the ability to withstand high pressures, Precise design and performance characteristics, Low spring rate (the amount of force required to compress the bellows a given distance), Allow for optimal plate shape designnesting ripple, It is important that state-of-the-art manufacturing processes are used to create the bellows to ensure weld integrity by preventing excessive root gap with bead geometry, bead thickness and roll-over control (Figure 3). 0000110821 00000 n !9lX+lZJ$@n)20R]uU^X!&R{`mP>>To}A)C(@SD%%Rdbd) #rJ F.R*TeI(}#0g)$\,3>J4iIvRraECS!,UmJ^,9q Pressure thrust Axial Spring Rate of 10 Bellow = (S) = 5255 Lbs/in. @iv];M[zn)8Cd}uv.OC*7TKEFW|4!Pw@dG!(~;"&F Z Correction of misalignment should be completed prior to installation of the expansion joints. Movement beyond the maximum deflection in compression or extension beyond the relaxed free length of convolutions will decrease cycle life, change the spring rate and cause permanent deformation which will not allow the bellows to return to its original length without the utilization of mechanical force. %PDF-1.5 0000097962 00000 n Please contact Mini-Flex engineering staff for information on customizing products or if further clarification is required. WebEach bellows is mass spectrometertested to 1 X 10-6 cubic centimeters per second ofhelium. SE #18, Calgary, AB T2A 6G9, Canada. !>bq]Vx;+=g+bN>T"[|r6xufG>Q9 /-[x+#]%; 7 GHL #t%Jh'c~ /_TUX]q[UWCEnqo%ms!-2T . 0000000016 00000 n This is because the so-called bending flexibility is calculated by applying a moment (Mr) to the free end of an expansion joint and observing its end rotation (). Pricing & Discounts 0000171489 00000 n 0000004382 00000 n Easy Installation in Existing ValvesAll parts neededto install the system in existing valves are availablein a convenient kit. Note however that the bending flexibility coefficient should not be used in any piping program. The bending stiffness that should be used is exactly four times the bending flexibility. For bellows with straight flat segments, the variability of the micro-structure in the heat-affected zones results in less reliable weld joints. This means that 70% of the face contact area is above the effective diameter. 0000042705 00000 n 0000008896 00000 n V02* Axial movement is prevented with the use of tie rods. Metal 3D printing has rapidly emerged as a key technology in modern design and manufacturing, so its critical educational institutions include it in their curricula to avoid leaving students at a disadvantage as they enter the workforce. 0000096894 00000 n Bellows squirm is characterized by a gross lateral shift of the convolutions off of the longitudinal centerline. Pressure resistance is usually limited to a Symbol m mm mf m* fe mfe Pm p f S Sd SOC SDU V V' vC \' VF g N CSFQ E F 'd then calculation of the predicted life would be a desirable goal. The double-ply design principle is like the leaf springs used in light automotive trucks and trailers. 0000047965 00000 n Spring rate [pounds per inch (lbs./in.)] Pressure thrust force is directed into the immovable main anchor. for Engineering Services is ready to help you across Canada, USA and Arabian Gulf Area. This designation is used for design information only and is dependent on the tensile strength of the forming material. WebA new approach was developed for the design of reinforced bellows, resulting in a modified set of equations for some stress components and for the spring rates. WebSpring Force Expansion joints behave in a manner that is similar to a spring; as movement occurs, expansion joints produce a resistive force. The bellows (when the bonnet is vented to atmosphere) prevents backpressure from assisting the spring in keeping the relief valve closed, and also protects the spring from corrosion. HV6S 9ClSma$^/U`K]HJE!H|3oqtY4PyF9f~'XY6[p'xl.tpv {L` An internally pressurized bellows behaves in a manner similar to that of a slender column under compressive load. 0000042930 00000 n a]tE!5GEN vGOH. Each convolution is made up of a male and female plate that allow the seal to be designed with a short axial space. WebThe bellows is the basic element of expansion joint, which can be made bymechanical and hydraulic forming as the requirement in MEGAFLEXON facility.The mechanical forming, 0000012206 00000 n Volume displacement is equal to the stroke (D) times the effective area Vd=AD. Stock tolerance is typically 0.010. endobj Expansion joint movement capacity is listed in this website as the non-concurrent capacity for each type of movement. Higher critical squirm pressure ratings are more desirable when bellows function is critical (greater critical squirm pressure ratings result in increased safety factor and longer bellows life). This separation is required to insure that each expansion joint is able to function as intended and not be affected by the flexibility characteristics of adjoining units. Intermediate anchors can isolate multiple expansion joints that are installed in series to accommodate large motions beyond the capability of a single expansion joint. Double ply bellows create strength and flexibility without thickness. Facilities This ebook covers tips for creating and managing workflows, security best practices and protection of intellectual property, Cloud vs. on-premise software solutions, CAD file management, compliance, and more. %}{6WzV(=s?rY7\6}]d3 =wRy{w#t: endstream endobj 120 0 obj <>stream Given a 210mm lens where the desired magnification is 1:3, how much bellows extension is required ? Covers also provide a suitable base for A snapshot of the Air Spring Assembly Market industry with a growth rate of 8.7% from 2023 to 2030 Published: April 29, 2023 at 7:47 a.m. 0000025498 00000 n Volume (V) in cubic inches equals effective area multiplied by length. Note that it may be difficult to tell what kind of relief valve is installed from the external appearance of the relief valve. The nominal outside diameter (inches) of convolutions is inversely related to spring rate (an increase in outside diameter will reduce the spring rate) and the design tolerance is used to vary the spring rate. Figure 2: Three-sweep design optimizes stress distribution, thus increasing resistance to fatigue fracture. Ventura, CA 93003. AW& >1r8R*X+-Lsyuf%o_W-/$kmo;> c{G)#z5F%)T:C| y},1fkf GZ1b kgE7q9fr'l"1G(Lb&d2Svr `Q,I5BEkhv/nP;VU?EVYXL=?~s=wW!O$(Fq[{!&he+|'^h|~8\w\t;cAqydkk7:q:y$*`e w f w = f i for S t < 1.5S y = 0.67f i for S t > 1.5S y where, f i x}k]wU?ow*:|TzJUmI{WjiHV&rH pw.xz.o_o_wNByp[qrRqQ'}x}}28-Wo}{-3A-Ic|/oP?%84&=pF2?}>"Y6 a) ~m2I[a< C;s R@Fa)ivMWUju8V#if5i"S\w6xvKuU8c20s5R@7hp,\]KJG-x-djN K}M3 Z*T Y` wQY>fh Bellows with high spring rates are also less capable of compensating for installation problems, shaft movements, impeller adjustments, pump end play, shaft growth due to heat and gradual wearing of the sealing faces. 0000125561 00000 n is the dead weight or force in pounds required to compress a bellows one inch. Calculation of bellows spring rate In general all bellows will be calculated by the manufacturer according to the EJMA code. wF1FFCl.Z% ]!6@ s\ endstream endobj 113 0 obj <>>> endobj 114 0 obj >/PageUIDList<0 692>>/PageWidthList<0 612.0>>>>>>/Resources<>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text]/Properties<>/Shading<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 612.0 792.0]/Type/Page>> endobj 115 0 obj <> endobj 116 0 obj [/ICCBased 135 0 R] endobj 117 0 obj <>stream WebWhat We Do. When critical squirming pressure is reached, a slight bow, or sideways movement occurs. HV6S 9ClSma$^/U`K]HJE!H|3oqtY4PyF9f~'XY6[p'xl.tpv {L` Maximum Operating Pressure: The maximum operating pressure of a bellows is considered the proof pressure, and is unique for each application. Forgot Password Login. (2) and (3). 0000110938 00000 n Other neck configurations are available as optional modifications for customized products. If you look closer, you will see us. Production runs average 0.002. 0000019936 00000 n The convolution free length is the free relaxed length (inches) of the convoluted section of a bellows and is measured from the outer faces of the end convolutions.
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bellows spring rate calculation