Other considerations for notability should be considered as well. A claim of peer review is not an indication that the journal is respected, or that any meaningful peer review occurs. Some people have examined the images of the dead man and suggested flaws, discrepancies, and tampering. The point is not only to demonstrate that the heterogeneity of the fringe defies simple classification and dismissal, but also to suggest that focusing on the content of the theories is not the most productive way to understand the durability of fringe science. Scholarly opinion is generally the most authoritative source to identify the mainstream view. Currently, Beale is planning to cross the Atlantic with another replica, in a bid to prove that the Phoenicians could have made it all the way to America. It presumes that individual behavior represents conscious reasoned choice, and is shaped by cognitive thinking . This hypothesis was started in the 19th century by Karl Bahrdt, Karl Venturini, and a handful of other theologians. Category. This one is pretty self-explanatory. The victims were given knives, hammers, and machetes to protect themselves. After the story made headlines, the girl said that she wasnt surprised by the connection because the people seemed to have a common trait of wanting power. The majority of the scholars have so far rejected this theory, and cited the many medical improbabilities required for Jesuss escape. In particular, the relative space that an article devotes to different aspects of a fringe theory should follow from consideration primarily of the independent sources. In 1405, the document was banned by the church, and in 1543, it was used by Martin Luther to condemn Jews. [5] For example, focal infection theory, which held that focal infections of the tonsils or teeth are a primary cause of systemic disease, was once considered to be medical fact. In the book Burkes Presidential Families of the United States of America, he suggested that George W. Bush is the 13th cousin to the current Queen Elizabeth. In the end, the media failed to report on his success and Agran failed to get recognized. Fringe science may be either a questionable application of a scientific approach to a field of study or an approach whose status as scientific is widely questioned.. For mainstream scientists, attributes of . Fringe views, products, or those who promote them, may be mentioned in the text of other articles only if independent reliable sources connect the topics in a serious and prominent way. 10 Far-Out Theories About Beloved Sitcoms, Top 10 Far-Out Theories About Fan-Favorite Films, 10 Fantastically Elaborate Hoaxes Perpetrated Just, 10 Ways The Watergate Scandal Was Far Worse Than You Realize, Top 10 Ideas That Were Far Ahead Of Their Time, 10 Times When Reality TV Went Too Far - 2020, Top 10 Signs Trigger Warnings Have Gone Too Far, 10 Historical Shoe Rituals and Superstitions You Might Not Know About, 10 Unusual and Incredible Reinterpretations of Classic Artworks, 10 Ancient Fertility Treatments You Wouldnt Want to Use Today, 10 Inventive Ways People Survived Winter Before Electricity, 10 Bleak Facts about Victorian Workhouses, 10 Amazing Archeological Discoveries Made by Dogs, Top 10 Hoarders Who Were Killed By Their Own Hoard, 10 Shocking Cases Of People Who Attended Their Own Funeral, 10 People Who Claimed To Be Time Travelers, Top 10 Everyday Items Removed From The Human Anatomy, 10 Weapons That Backfired In Terrible Ways. [1] Fringe science theories are often advanced by persons who have no traditional academic science background, or by researchers outside the mainstream discipline. British Israelism is a doctrine based around the idea that people of Western European descent are relatives of the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel. He was nicknamed The Executioner because he liked to feed his victims to lions and tigers on his ranch. The idea has been picked up by journalists in Palestine, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia, who have claimed that Franklins prophecy is now coming true in the US administration.. One of the most infamous Mexican drug lords in history, Lazcano was known for his extreme violence, and built an empire of 10,000 gunmen that spread from the Rio Grande into Central America. Rarely, fringe ideas do become accepted by 'regular' scientists. Theory of Planned Behavior. Examples of the latter include pseudoscience (ideas that purport to . On October 27, residents noticed a thick, yellowish, and acrid smog cloud hovering over the city. A fringe theory is an idea or a collection of ideas that departs significantly from the prevailing or mainstream view. Fringe est une srie tlvise amricaine de science-fiction et d'horreur en cent pisodes de 42 minutes co-cre par J. J. Abrams, Alex Kurtzman et Roberto Orci et diffuse entre le 9 septembre 2008 et le 18 janvier 2013 sur le rseau Fox et en simultan au Canada sur /A\ [2] (avec quelques pisodes sur CTV [3]) pour les deux premires saisons, puis sur Citytv [4]. She describes all of them as trying to make sense of the world using the scientific method, but in the face of not being able to understand the complex theories of modern science. For example, if the only references to a particular subject are in news sources, then a level of detail which is greater than that which appears in these news sources is inappropriate, because Wikipedia policy prohibits original research. If youve read the story about Jesuss tomb being in Japanor about the crazy cult that believes that the ancient Japanese taught the Jews to speak Hebrewthen you probably know where this is going. Bush can be seen having a private conversation with Larry King about the drug Halcion (about 6:20 in the above video). They also point out similarities between the customs and ceremonies of the Jewish and Shinto religions. "An electron has a mass that is approximately 1/1836 that of the proton.". This label does not cover theories that . The theory is often referred to as the Franklin Forgery, but has found acceptance in the Arab and Palestinian media. Simply including such a statement in the lead or in a section on scientific evaluation of Bigfoot claims is potentially misleading, non-neutral, and lacking in verifiability. Are there any fringe conspiracy theories developed under democratic societies with a healthy freedom of press that are now widely accepted as fact? Some historical ideas that are considered to have been refuted by mainstream science are: Relatively recent fringe sciences include: Some theories that were once rejected as fringe science, but were eventually accepted as mainstream science, are: Michael W. Friedlander has suggested some guidelines for responding to fringe science, which, he argues, is a more difficult problem[2]:174 than scientific misconduct. However, he might have used a metal pole or broomstick. One of the first people to propose the theory was David P. Strachan in an article published in the British Medical Journal in 1989. Here are the top ten fringe sciences and theories that could become mainstream in your lifetime: Fringe Sciences: Cybernetics Source: Alpha Coders Cybernetics is the study and re-creation of control systems (the nervous system, the brain, and mechanical-electrical communication systems). By the same token, the purpose of Wikipedia is not to offer originally synthesized prose "debunking" notable ideas which the scientific community may consider to be absurd or unworthy. While a lack of peer-reviewed sources does not automatically mean that the subject should be excluded from Wikipedia, there must be adequate reliable sources to allow the subject to be covered in sufficient detail without engaging in original research. Dr. Robert Carton of the Environmental Protection Agency has claimed that fluoridation is the greatest case of scientific fraud of the century, if not of all time. On the other hand, the Center for Disease Control lists water fluoridation as one of the 10 greatest public health achievements of the 20th century, its used by dentists everywhere (theyre the people who care about your teeth), and its found in many toothpaste brands. In general, Wikipedia should always give prominence to established lines of research found in reliable sources and present neutral descriptions of other claims with respect to their historical, scientific, and cultural prominence. She is saying due to string theory people lost faith in all sciences. These abilities supposedly then deteriorated over thousands of years. Although his fellow scholars tried their best to accommodate Hardouins theory, his constant push for these radical views eventually turned him into an outcast in the scientific community. He was not identified until a group of masked men stole the body from a local funeral home. Wikipedia is not a place to right great wrongs. He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. There will be new insights in developing and proposing thesis proposals which will introduce various applications . A superseded, or obsolete, scientific theory is a scientific theory that was once commonly accepted but (for whatever reason) is no longer considered the most complete description of reality by mainstream science; or a falsifiable theory which has been shown to be false. According to its adherents, Franklins speech was transcribed by Charles Cotesworth Pinckney and included information about why the United States shouldnt allow Jewish immigration. He was scheduled to travel to Russia two days after his death. Additionally, the topic must satisfy general notability guidelines: the topic must receive significant coverage in reliable sources that are independent of the subject. While its true that fringe theories generally sound crazy to conventional-thinking people, some are backed by just enough evidence (or convincing arguments) to almost make us wonder if its all real. In other cases, an alternative theoretical formulation lacks significant evidence to show its validity, but when such evidence is produced, the theory can become mainstream. In August 2013, the Japanese government announced that Fukushima had experienced a massive leak of radiation-contaminated water. See Wikipedia:Fringe theories/Arbitration cases. For example, the lack of peer-reviewed criticism of creation science should not be used as a justification for marginalizing or removing scientific criticism of creation science, since creation science itself is not published in peer-reviewed journals. In 1919, the British-Israel-World Federation was set up in London and joined by some prominent political figures, including the Prime Minister of New Zealand, William Massey. For example, fringe theories in science depart significantly from mainstream science and have little or no scientific support. It has since been resurrected to become a hotly debated topic among modern scholars. The strongest argument is that the records of Muhammads exploits, the Quran, and Islam only became known to the rest of the world long after the birth of the religion. Bio weaponization is nothing new. In a narrower sense, the term fringe theory is commonly used as a pejorative; it is roughly synonymous with the term pseudo . . Some scholars have suggested the book was put together no earlier than the sixth century, while the earliest mention of the book is thought to have come from the year 826. The main purveyor of the theory was Aristotle, who based his studies on the ideas of thinkers like Anaximander, Hippolytus, and Anaxagoras, all of whom stressed the ways in which life could spontaneously come into being from inanimate matter like slime, mud, and earth when exposed to sunlight. Criticisms of fringe theories should be reported on relative to the visibility, notability, and reliability of the sources that do the criticizing. According to some revisionist historians, most notably a former Soviet intelligence officer named Vladimir Rezun, Stalins mobilization of millions of men across the countrys European borders was not a defensive one. Pseudoscience usually relies on attacking mainstream scientific theories and methodology while lacking a critical discourse itself (as is common among proponents of creation science), relies on weak evidence such as anecdotal evidence or weak statistical evidence (as for example in parapsychology), or indulges a suspect theoretical premise (such as the claims of water memory made by advocates of homeopathy). Evolution, The Big Bang Theory, and Continental Drift all began on the fringes of science and todaywhile still debated by someare taken as scientific truth. A fringe theory is an idea that departs from the mainstream view. This list catalogs well-accepted theories in science and pre-scientific natural philosophy and natural history which have since been superseded by scientific theories.Many discarded explanations were once supported by a scientific consensus, but replaced after more empirical information became available that identified flaws and prompted new theories which better explain the available data. According to the so-called swoon theory, Jesus had merely fainted from His injuries or drank a drug that made Him lose consciousness. They are needed to demonstrate that an idea is sufficiently notable to merit a dedicated article about it. Ideas that are of borderline or minimal notability may be mentioned in Wikipedia, but should not be given undue weight. We humans have been using drugs in an attempt to access our whole brains for about as long as weve been on this planet. In the case of obscure fringe theories, secondary sources that describe the theories should be carefully vetted for reliability. In the film, Al Gore can be seen being taught how to avoid questions on abortion and Pat Robertson makes derogatory comments about gay people. Harold Brooks-Baker was an Anglo-American journalist who became famous for his books on the genealogy of the British Royal family. His suggested methods include impeccable accuracy, checking cited sources, not overstating orthodox science, thorough understanding of the Wegener continental drift example, examples of orthodox science investigating radical proposals, and prepared examples of errors from fringe scientists. [2]:58[3] The general public has difficulty distinguishing between science and its imitators,[2]:173 and in some cases a "yearning to believe or a generalized suspicion of experts is a very potent incentive to accepting pseudoscientific claims". Ibragim Todashev was a Chechen-American who was shot to death by an FBI agent on May 22, 2013. The fringe theory says that the meltdown is the largest nuclear disaster in history and dwarfs the Chernobyl accident. Together with beat poet Allen Ginsberg, Leary began the psychedelic revolution, and encouraged his followers to turn on, tune in, drop out.. Brooks-Baker traced the lineage of 33 US presidents back to Alfred the Great and Charlemagne. Articles which cover controversial, disputed, or discounted ideas in detail should document (with reliable sources) the current level of their acceptance among the relevant academic community. It's Packed With Sexy Energy, of Course", "Arrowheads Found in Texas Dial Back Arrival of Humans in America", "The quest for immortality: Want to live 500 years? Finally, even though the Gospel of John states that a Roman soldier speared Jesuss side, it is the only gospel to mention it; the three other gospels that preceded it never bring up the incident. 10 Fantastically Far-Fetched Fringe Theories by Marc V. fact checked by Jamie Frater As we have previously discussed, fringe theories contain premises and ideas that radically differ from the mainstream point of view. Claims that are uncontroversial and uncontested within reliable sources should be presented as simple statements of facte.g. Reliable sources on Wikipedia may include peer-reviewed journals; books published by university presses; university-level textbooks; magazines, journals, and books published by respected publishing houses; and mainstream newspapers. Some theories that were once rejected as fringe science, but were eventually accepted as mainstream science, are: Plate tectonics [22] [23] The existence of Troy [24] [25] Heliocentrism [26] Norse colonization of the Americas The Big Bang theory [27] Helicobacter pylori bacteria as the causative agent of peptic ulcer disease [28] ", "A report from the American Physical Society spring meeting 12 May 1989 Baltimore, MD Special session on cold fusion", "Distinguishing science from pseudoscience", http://podcastdownload.npr.org/anon.npr-podcasts/podcast/77/510036/143369581/KERA_143369581.mp3, "Optimising public understanding of science: A comparative perspective", CSICOP On-line: Scientifically Investigating Paranormal and Fringe Science Claims, "Parapsychology: Science or Pseudo-Science? But in 2013, claims started to emerge that the true impact of the Fukushima disaster was much larger than reported. Little is known about the true origin of the Toledot, but many feel it was circulated orally before being put into various literary forms.
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list of fringe science theories