how to address an armenian priest

"[83], In October 2013 Father Asoghik Karapetyan, the director of the Museum of the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, stated on television that a non-Apostolic Armenian is not a "true Armenian". In addition to the responsibilities of overseeing their respective Dioceses, each hierarchical See, and the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, has a Monastic Brotherhood. St. Vrtanes I the third Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church through (333341 AD), sent a letter with specific questions to Macarius of Jerusalem who was the Greek Orthodox Bishop of Jerusalem from (312-335, or 336 AD) sent to Jerusalem by a delegation of Armenian priests on the occasion of the Encaenia, in dedication of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem in September 335 AD. In the Armenian Church, as in the Orthodox one, there are both married and unmarried priests. Saghavard (Crown or Helmet) is a tall bulbous headdress, covered with fine rich silk or velvet cloth. It symbolizes the salvation of the soul from the bondage of the spiritual enemy and the royal attribute of Christ the King, whom the priest represents, enabling the Christian to fight against the Evil One. Panagiotate Vashe Sviaschenstvo. [23] However, non doctrinal elements in the Council of Chalcedon (451) caused certain problems to arise. But before the vesting is begun, the priest recites a long prayer that includes such significant lines as: adorned with your light.. A spokesperson for the Armenian Apostolic Church stated that it is his personal view. Since 2012, Fr. [46] Historically, however, monastic women have been ordained as deacons within a convent environment. St. Nersess Armenian Seminary in Armonk, NY[36] also trains Armenian priests, awarding the Master of Divinity in Theology (through an affiliation with nearby OCA St. Vladimir's Seminary). After the Council, Catholicos Abraham wrote an encyclical letter addressed to the people, blaming Kurion and his adherents for the schism. It is at the same time an expression of readiness to bear ones own cross as a good soldier of Christ. He was convinced that God intended him to build the main Armenian church there. It is worn by priests as well as bishops. There have been numerous lay and clergy efforts at reunion, especially since the fall of the Soviet Union. "[73], In independent Armenia, the Armenian Apostolic Church has often been criticized for its perceived support of the governments of Robert Kocharyan and Serzh Sargsyan despite the formal separation of church and state in Armenia. Patriarchate of Jerusalem "[15] This conversion distinguished it from its Iranian and Mazdean roots and protected it from further Parthian influence. It is in fact the deacons stole worn round the neck with the two stripes. FORM OF ADDRESS SALUTATION; 1. It is the first vestment to be put on beneath the others. Post-nominals that indicate academic degree or membership in a religious order are usually included. "Armenian Church" redirects here. This persecution was highly criticized by the Armenian clergy, forcing Hovhannes-Smbat to release Petros and reinstall him to his former position. The white Shabig also symbolizes purity. The CelebrantsShabig worn during the Divine Liturgy is always plain and made of white linen. During the Censing when the Celebrant Priest walks among the people in Procession. Fr. Shoorchar (Cope) is a piece, semi-circular in shape and made of fine rich material of any color or colors, provided one color is dominating. These forms of address are not intended to puff up Catholic clergy members, but are ways to express respect and honor to a person who has been given a particular role in the Churchs mission. The three aforementioned historic hierarchical sees administer to the dioceses under their jurisdiction as they see fit, while there is only spiritual authority of the Catholicosate of All Armenians. It is not proper to stop and talk to the priest while kissing the Gospel Book. Outside of West Asia, today there are notable Armenian Apostolic congregations in various countries in Europe, North America, South America, and South Asia. [28] The Armenian Church instead adheres to the doctrine defined by Cyril of Alexandria, considered as a saint by the Chalcedonian churches as well, who described Christ as being of one incarnate nature, where both divine and human nature are united (miaphysis). Note that the Armenian Apostolic Church should not be confused, however, with the Armenian Catholic Church whose Patriarch-Catholicos (of the Armenian Catholic Rite) is Raphal Bedros XXI Minassian,[38] which is an Eastern Catholic church in communion with the Holy See in Rome. Or Han J.W.) [54], In 2009, further constitutional amendments were drafted that would make it a crime for non-traditional religious groups to proselytize on adherents of the Apostolic Church. Then you may take a copy of the Sunday Bulletin and proceed to the pews. It is the principal worship service of the Armenian Apostolic Church and the most important expression of the Churchs (the community of believers) faith and identity. It is headed by a Catholicos (the plural is Catholicoi). It was the newly ordained priests first Sunday celebrating divine liturgy at St. John the Baptist Armenian Church in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Mesrop and Ani were blessed with their first child, Maneh. Karabakh: Will the new law on religion curb the number of sects in Karabakh? [16], When King Tiridates III made Christianity the state religion of Armenia between 300 and 301, it was not an entirely new religion there. According to The Armenian Church by Archdeacon Dowling published in 1910, the Armenian Apostolic Church is composed of four patriarchal provinces, seventy-two, six, and two dioceses in Turkey, Russia, and Iran, respectively.[35]. They usually do not use a full iconostasis, but rather a sanctuary veil (a curtain usually with a cross or divine image in the center, used also by the Syriac churches). FORM OF ADDRESS SALUTATION; 1. Bowing, as a sign of reverence and adoration, is most frequently practiced in the Armenian Church. He was unable to unite the two Catholicosates, however, despite his having headed both. Usage varies somewhat throughout the Eastern Orthodox Communion, and not every church uses every clerical rank. During the Divine Liturgy the direction to bow is always given by the Deacon with the words Asdoodzo yergir-bakestzook (Let us bow down to God). WebOn April 29, 2012, he was ordained and consecrated to the Holy Priesthood. The Vagas symbolizes righteousness in obedience to Christ as against the stiffness of the neck, and also the blocking of temptations from view and hearing. In 353, King Papas (Pap) appointed Catholicos Husik without first sending him to Caesarea for commissioning. If a layman is giving it to you, he will incline his head first to your right and then to your left with his right hand on his heart giving the proper salutation below. It is headed by a Catholicos (the plural is Catholicoi ). Ego Blazhenstvo: Your Beatitude, Makariotate If you have something to say to your priest, stand aside and wait until everybody has kissed the Gospel Book and then talk to your clergyman. [49][50][51] 1.5million is the most frequently published number of victims, however, estimates vary from 700,000 to 1,800,000. The Shoorchar is worn by a priest or bishop during the Divine Liturgy. XV---Cicilia (Vilayet of Adan and Sankjak of Marash)", "Contested Memories, Divided Diaspora: Armenian Americans, the Thousand-day Republic, and the Polarized Response to an Archbishop's Murder", "Ambitious International Women's Association", "Catholic women's ordination: the ecumenical implications of women deacons in the Armenian Apostolic Church, the Orthodox Church of Greece, and the Union of Utrecht Old Catholic Churches", "Armenian Church makes saints of 1.5 million genocide victims Yahoo News", "Armenian Genocide victims canonized in Holy Etchmiadzin", "Canonized: Armenian Church proclaims collective martyrdom of Genocide victims Genocide", "After 400 years, new saints for the Armenian Church", The Army Chaplaincy Program of the Armenian Church, " . www.wdacna.com Makariotatos Sl. When the church service is over and the officiating priest pronounces the benediction of dismissal in these words:Blessed be ye through the grace of the Holy Spirit and depart in peace, and may the Lord Jesus be with you all, Amen.The congregation should not rush out from their seats in disorder causing congestion. Fr. "[61] According to a 2018 survey by the Pew Research Center, in Armenia 82% of respondents say it is very or somewhat important to be a Christian to be truly Armenian. It is notable that surnames are never used except in extra-ecclesial matters or to specify a particular person where many share one Christian name or ordination name. The Armenian Apostolic Church is the central religious authority for the Armenian Orthodox population in Armenia as well as for Armenian Orthodox communities worldwide. Mahs is an Armenian word, not related at all to the English word (Holy) Mass. Mahs means share or portion. When you take your Mahs you kiss it and eat it. Surnames are typically not used for archpastors (rank of bishop or above) or monastics. The Armenian Church officially severed ties with Rome and Constantinople in 610, during the Third Council of Dvin where the Chalcedonian dyophysite christological formula was rejected. The Council of Bishops is an administrative-deliberative body presided over by the Catholicos of All Armenians. The rod is used by priests or prelates having the doctors rank. religious minorities and human rights groups also expressed serious concern over the amendments, with human rights activist Stepan Danielian stating "the Armenian Apostolic Church today wants to have a monopoly on religion". The faithful approach him one by one in single line, kiss the Gospel as they pass, receive the blessing of the priest and leave the church. When you take a piece of Mas you kiss it and eat it making the sign of the cross. In order to become a priest, the elect must be married at least a year and have a son. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. WebReverend Father AT THE END OF THE LETTERS Asking for Your Blessings ORALLY Addressing the Catholicos, the Archbishop, the Bishop, The Archimandrite, the Celibate Priest God be your helper Incumbents of the Hierarchal Sees of the Armenian Holy Apostolic Church His Holiness Karekin II Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All In the Armenian Church when the service concludes, the officiating clergy holds the Gospel for congregation members to approach and receive his personal blessings before leaving the church. Each person should remain in place a moment longer with concentrated thoughts, should cross himself or herself once again and after whispering a prayer of re-dedication should proceed out quietly, expressing the internal peace and happiness. At the beginning of the reading of the Gospel. Web- YouTube 0:00 / 4:44 AC101 Episode 17 - How to Greet Priests? Guregh Hambardzumyan returned to his new home following 40 days of seclusion. Pointing out the 34% poverty rate in Armenia, Asbarez editor Ara Khachatourian called it "nothing but blasphemy". Similar to, and the source of, most of the U.S. English titles, with some variation: In the predominantly Catholic Philippines, ecclesiastical addresses are adapted from American custom but with modifications. The Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem operates the St. Tarkmanchatz School (high school diploma) as well as the Theological Seminary of the Patriarchate. Liturgical Press, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Archdiocese of Milwaukee Web Style Guide", "Catholic News Service Stylebook on Religion", "University of San Francisco Editorial Style Guide", "How to Address Church Officials, Bishops, Priests", "Lutheran Reformission: Should pastors be called Father? Coptic Tonsured persons without a title: "Brother". Those who exercise this ecclesiastical authority form the clergy of officers of the Church who serve Such a The celebration of Armenian Christmas on January 6, the original date, contrasts with the more common celebration of Christmas on December 25, originally a Western Christian tradition, which Armenia briefly adopted before reverting to its original practice. Taking Mahs does not mean Communion. When kissing the Gospel and leaving the church. Since 2012, Fr. The Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin operates two seminaries, the Gevorkian Theological Seminary at the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, and the Vaskenian Theological Academy at Lake Sevan. The Armenians, who regard themselves as the first Christian nation, were converted to Christianity by St. Gregory the Illuminator about ad 300. There are four crosses, usually embroidered, on the omophorion: one on either shoulder, one on the front part and one on the part that hangs at the back. 21:33.). Your departure from church should be as reverent and as orderly as your entrance. It is used during the Liturgy and other solemn services. The titles listed below are only used in the most formal occasions by media or official correspondence, save for the simpler forms of address. [19] Its Catholicos was represented at the First Council of Nicea (325). Sviatieishyi: Your All Holiness. Holy See of Cilicia This is the ideal toward which all should strive. The Celebrant Priest replies Datseh kez usd srdeet koom (May the Lord grant the petitions of your heart. WebReverend Father AT THE END OF THE LETTERS Asking for Your Blessings ORALLY Addressing the Catholicos, the Archbishop, the Bishop, The Archimandrite, the Celibate Priest God be your helper Incumbents of the Hierarchal Sees of the Armenian Holy Apostolic Church His Holiness Karekin II Supreme Patriarch and Catholicos of All Upon his return, Gregory tore down shrines to idols, built churches and monasteries, and ordained many priests and bishops. WebTo receive the salutation from the priest giving the Greeting, you simply kiss his hand. When a deacon or the priest swings the censer towards your direction. The receiver answers Orhnyal eh haydnootyoonun Krisdosi (Blessed is the revelation of Christ). and are usually addressed formally as "Reverend Sister/Mother" (abbreviated as "Rev. FORM OF ADDRESS SALUTATION; 1. WebTo receive the salutation from the priest giving the Greeting, you simply kiss his hand. All army chaplains are commissioned officers in the armed forces who hold a military rank. The following sees have their own jurisdiction: The Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia located in Antelias, Lebanon, is led by Catholicos Aram I and it has dioceses in the countries of the Middle East, in Europe and in North and South America. WebArmenian priests below the rank of Very Reverend are allowed to be married before ordination and their descendants surnames are prefixed with the prefix Der (or Ter in Eastern Armenian), meaning Lord, to indicate their lineage. The congregation must participate softly in the singing of those parts of the Divine Liturgy sung by the choir. An Analysis of Trends and Transitions. "); for example, "Br. It is a symbol of teaching authority, the serpents representing wisdom, directed toward the world. In some Dioceses, the Diocesan Assembly elects the Primate of the Diocese. Veghar symbolizes humility and the denial of the world. It represents the fullness of Episcopal authority. A joint project between UNFPA and the Armenian Inter-Church Charitable Round Table Foundation of the World Council of Churches has encouraged Armenian priests to speak about issues related to gender equality, reproductive health, and population and development - with an emphasis on promoting the active involvement of priests in While giving the salutation you say Krisdos ee mech mer haydnetzav (Christ is revealed amongst us). The Armenian Apostolic Church is distinct from the Armenian Catholic Church, the latter being a sui juris Eastern Catholic Church, part of the Catholic Church. Both apostles ordained native bishops before their execution, and some other Armenians had been ordained outside of Armenia by James the Just, brother of Jesus. The priest receives priesthood authority from the bishop through the laying on of hands and anointing. WebTo receive the salutation from the priest giving the Greeting, you simply kiss his hand. You respond accordingly. From that spot arose a great Christian temple with a huge cross. In the Armenian Church, part of the physical preparation for the Divine Liturgy is vesting of the priest when he puts on vestments which show he is Gods special servant about to begin a sacred path. In the case of a married priest (Der Hayr), the wife of the priest generally plays an active role in the parish and is addressed by the title Yeretzgin. As each piece is put on, the priest says a prayer, the most important words of which will be excerpted below. Sviatieishyi: Your All Holiness. In 1995, Karekin II, Catholicos of Cilicia for the period 19831994, was elected Catholicos of All Armenians in the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin upon the death of Vazgen I, becoming Karekin I Catholicos of All Armenians, and serving as Supreme head of the church until 1999. Greeting: Asdvadz Oknagan (bless me), Srpazan Hayr/Hayr Sourp/Der Hayr as well as a bow to kiss his anointed hand. Superiors are optionally titled "Mother" (abbreviated as "Mo.") The brotherhood makes decisions concerning the inner affairs of the monastery. The Diocesan delegates (representatives of each parish community) elect the delegates to the National Ecclesiastical Assembly, the members of the Diocesan Council as well as discuss and decide on administrative issues within the Diocese such as committees, budgets, building, etc. Bartholomew then converted the sister of Sanatruk, who once again martyred a female relative and the apostle who converted her. Nearing the end of the Divine Liturgy the holy bread or Mas is distributed among the congregation. Armenian priests who do not choose celibacy are allowed to be married before ordination. Vagas (Superhumeral or Amice) is a hard flexible piece, covered with the same material as that of the cope, or of a color to match with the cope or the crown. WebProcession of Armenian Priests. Ecclesiastical titles are the formal styles of address used for members of the clergy. Karapetyan particularly denounced what he called the Armenian Church's loyal service to foreign invaders: "The Armenian Apostolic Church is a conscientious tax structure, which every conqueror needs. This is followed by kissing the Catholicos or Bishops offical seal of office as worn in the form of a ring on the left hand. Please be advised that according to the traditionof the Armenian Church, members of the congregation are stronglyreminded to refrain from walking in and out of the Sanctuary whileservices are in progress,especially during: All movements in the church, such as sitting, rising, kneeling, bowing and walking should be done quietly and gracefully, with a thoughtful attitude. Veghar (Cowl)is a black silken headgear worn by the celibate clergy in the church. In the Armenian Church, as in the Orthodox one, there are both married and unmarried priests. The Armenian Apostolic Church is the central religious authority for the Armenian Orthodox population in Armenia as well as for Armenian Orthodox communities worldwide. The Church is an organized society. Armenian America (AA): Where were you born, and where did you grow up? As you enter the church, it is appropriate to cross yourself. There were weddings, baptisms, and every Sunday Badarak at a free will attendance basis. From this synthesis, the new Armenian Rite came about, which had similarities both with the Byzantine and the Antiochian Syriac rite. Making the sign of the cross is repeated often in the Armenian Church, as it is in all the Eastern Churches. Guregh Hambardzumyan returned to his new home following 40 days of seclusion. In his dream he saw "Miatsin", the Only Begotten Son of God, with glittering light on his face descending from the Heavens and with a golden hammer striking the ground where the Cathedral was to be located. Although unable to attend the Council of Ephesus (431), Catholicos Isaac Parthiev sent a message agreeing with its decisions. As each piece is put on, the priest says a prayer, the most important words of which will be excerpted below. The Diocesan Assembly is the highest legislative (canonical) body of each Diocese and is headed by the Primate of the Diocese. WebWhen we address Deacons or Priests, we should use the title Father. Bishops we address as Your Grace. Though all Bishops (including Patriarchs) are equal in the Church, they do have different administrative duties and honors that accrue to Your departure from the church should be as reverent and as orderly as your entrance. The Armenian Apostolic Church is the central religious authority for the Armenian Orthodox population in Armenia as well as for Armenian Orthodox communities worldwide. With the king's help he did so in accordance with his vision, renaming the city Etchmiadzin, which means "the place of the descent of the Only-Begotten".[18]. [47] Monastic women deacons generally do not minister in traditional parish churches or cathedrals, although the late Mother Hrip'seme did minister and serve during public liturgies, including in the United States.[48]. In order to become a priest, the elect must be married at least a year and have a son. When the service is over, the officiating clergy holds the Gospel Book or a cross. [39] While meditating in the old capital city of Vagharshapat, Gregory had a vision of Christ descending to the earth and striking it with a hammer. As both Eastern and Western Armenia came under Persian and Ottoman rule, the Armenian Apostolic Church was the centre of many Armenian liberation activities[64].. Upon graduation, students receive the equivalent of a high school diploma and pre-graduate theological study. WebTHE HIERARCHY OF THE ARMENIAN CHURCH. Like all Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Armenian Church has been referred to as monophysite by both Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox theologians because it rejected the decisions of the Council of Chalcedon, which condemned the belief of one incarnate nature of Christ (monophysis). There is plenty of evidence indicating that the Septuagint was the Old Testament version used throughout the early Christian Church and was revised in the course of the first and second centuries. The Armenian Apostolic Church is the central religious authority for the Armenian Orthodox population in Armenia as well as for Armenian Orthodox communities worldwide. Verargoo (Schema or Cassock)is a long vestment of plain black material with wide sleeves, without a waistline, coming down to the ankles. Panagiotatos Sl. Greeting: Asdvadz Oknagan (bless me), Srpazan Hayr/Hayr Sourp/Der Hayr as well as a bow to kiss his anointed hand. It is up to the individual to decide how often he/sheisready and willing to take Holy Communion. Patriarchate of Constantinople, www.armenianchurch.us Then the priest, not by his authority but by the very word of Jesus Christ, absolves the sins of all who made the confession. [43], The Armenian Apostolic Church uses a version of the Bible based on the Greek translation (Septuagint) of the Hebrew Old Testament, which was produced in the court of King Ptolemy II Philadelphus (283-246 BC) of Egypt, and includes Deuterocanonical books that are not part of the present Hebrew and Protestant canons. Symbolically it represents the glory of the new spiritual life and of the faith, as shield and defense against the attacks of the Evil One. That solemn atmosphere inductive to prayer, spiritual renewal and introspection should be maintained at all times. [21], Christianity was strengthened in Armenia in the 5th century by the translation of the Bible into the Armenian language by the native theologian, monk, and scholar, Saint Mesrop Mashtots. Ego Blazhenstvo: Your Beatitude, Makariotate The church continues to ignore the things most people are worried about vitally important social, economic and political problems and endless corruption scandals. www.armenianchurch.org.uk If a layman is giving it to you, he will incline his head first to your right and then to your left with his right hand on his heart giving the proper salutation below. In limited circumstances, the Armenian Church allows for divorce and remarriage. Therefore the critical attitude regarding Armenian historical institutions is rarely applied to the Armenian Church, as it is seen as a venerable institution that unites all Armenians. The priest is assisted during the vesting by the Deacon. "[66], Gerard Libaridian argued that because Armenians consider the church a national institution, it "must be respected and guarded at all times. Greeting: Asdvadz Oknagan (bless me), Srpazan Hayr/Hayr Sourp/Der Hayr as well as a bow to kiss his anointed hand. , ", "No Separation of Church and State in Armenia?". The United Kingdom has three Armenian churches: St Sarkis in Kensington, London; Saint Yeghiche in South Kensington, London; and Holy Trinity in Manchester. The Divine Liturgy or the Holy Mass (Soorp Badarak), which is the main service in our church on Sunday, starts, as a rule, at 10.00 a.m. These forms of address are not intended to puff up Catholic clergy members, but are ways to express respect and honor to a person who has been given a particular role in the Churchs mission. [17], Tiridates declared Gregory to be the first Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church and sent him to Caesarea to be consecrated. [79] Large-scale construction of new churches in the independence period[80] and the negligence of endangered historic churches by the Apostolic church (and the government) have also been criticized. "[72] Stepan Danielyan, a scholar on religion, argued in 2013 that "When Armenia became independent with the collapse of the Soviet Union, a great deal was expected of the church, but those expectations have not been fulfilled. WebIf they are of Priestly rank, they are formally addressed as "Hieromonk" or "Hierodeacon" (see above). Nine ARF members were later arrested, tried and convicted. But before the vesting is begun, the priest recites a long prayer that includes such significant lines as: adorned with your light.. Commit yourself to working actively to sin no more.. Other Patriarchs: His Beatitude the Patriarch of _____ Gr. Those who exercise this ecclesiastical authority form the clergy of officers of the Church who serve WebThe custom for address depends on personal custom and custom in the abbey. How did your Armenian identity shape you into the person [11] Ancient Armenia's adoption of Christianity as a state religion (the first state to do so) has been referred to by Nina Garsoan as "probably the most crucial step in its history. For example, Armenian bishops wear mitres almost identical to those of Western bishops. The Armenian Patriarchate of Constantinople had its own seminary, the Holy Cross Patriarchal Seminary, which was shut down by Turkish authorities in Turkey along with all other private schools of higher education. TAKING MAHS (Holy Bread) At the end of the Divine Liturgy the Mahs or holy bread is distributed among the congregation. The Armenian presence in Palestine and Israel is primarily found in the Armenian Quarter of Jerusalem, under the jurisdiction of the Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem. It is headed by a Catholicos (the plural is Catholicoi ). But before the vesting is begun, the priest recites a long prayer that includes such significant lines as: adorned with your light.. When in the 1740s, Abraham-Pierre I Ardzivian, who had earlier become a Catholic, was elected as the patriarch of Sis, he led part of the Armenian Apostolic Church into full communion with the Pope and the Armenian Catholic Church was created. St. Nersess also offers a Master of Arts in Armenian Christian Studies.[37]. The Armenian Church defines religious groups operating outside its domain as "sects" and, in the words of spokesman Bishop Arshak Khachatrian, considers that "their activities in Armenia are nothing but a denial of the creed of the Armenian Apostolic Church, which is considered the national religion of the Armenian people". A celibate priest is addressed as Hayr Sourp. Pazban (Maniple or Cuff)is about five or six inches wide and long enough to go round the fore part of the forearm, over the sleeves of the alb (Shabig). Abbess, Prioress, or other superior of a religious order of women or a province thereof: The Reverend Mother (Full Name), (any religious order's postnominals); Mother (Given Name). During the Divine Liturgy the direction to bow down is always given by the Deacon with the words, Asdoodzo yergirbakestsook (Let us bow down to God). The Catholicosate of the Great House of Cilicia (Armenian: ), located in Antelias, Lebanon, is an autonomous See of the Armenian Apostolic Church with jurisdiction over certain segments of the Armenian diaspora. The lighting of the candle is also a symbol of the sacrifice of the self and the radiance of Christians love. "Global Christianity A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Christian Population", "Eastern and Western Europeans Differ on Importance of Religion, Views of Minorities, and Key Social Issues", "Trust Religious institutions respondent belongs to by Which religion or denomination, if any, do you consider yourself belong to? During the First World War and the 1915 Armenian genocide, the Armenian population and the home of the Catholicosate at the Monastery of St. Sophia of Sis (which can be seen to dominate the town in early 20th-century photographs), were destroyed.

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